Cleachtadh
le briathra; practice with verbs
Cuir Gaeilge ar
na sraitheanna seo:
I believe. I believed.
I used to believe. I will believe. I would believe.
I fly. I flew.
I used to fly. I will fly. I would fly.
I see. I saw.
I used to see. I will see. I would see.
You don't read.
You didn't read. You didn't used to read. You won't read. You wouldn't
read.
Does he collect?
Did he collect? Did he used to collect? Will he collect? Would he
collect?
Key: Creidim.
Chreid mé(hyred may*). Chreidinn. Creidfidh mé(KRET-hee
may*). Chreidfinn (HYRET-hin).
Eitlím
(ET-i-leem). D'eitil mé. D'eitlínn (DET-leen). Eitleoidh
mé(et-LOH-ee may*). D'eitleoinn (det-LOH-in).
Feicim. Chonaic
mé. D'fheicinn. Feicfidh mé. D'fheicfinn (DEK-hin).
Níléann
(LAY*-uhn) tú. Níor léigh tú. Níléiteá.
Níléifidh (LAY*-hee) tú. Níléifeá(LAY*-faw*).
An mbailíonn
sé? Ar bhailigh sé? An mbailíodh (MAHL-ee-ohk*)
sé? An mbaileoidh (mahl-YOH-ee) sé? An mbaileodh (mahl-YOHK*)
sé?
Cuir Béarla
ar an focail seo leanas (LAN-uhs):
Nár cheannaigh
túé? Nach n-éistfidh túleo? An ithimis
iad? D'imíomar linn. Léimfeadh sé. Nach ndúnadh
sibhé?
Key: Didn't
you buy it? Won't you listen to them? Did we used to eat them? We
departed (took ourselves off). He would jump. Didn't you-all used
to close it?
Réamhfhocail
(RAY*V-ohk-il); prepositions
More uses for
the word "ar", meaning generally "on":
When an indefinite
location is meant, "ar" does not cause aspiration of the
word after it. Learn these examples:
ar bord; on board
(a ship, train, or generally present).
ar muir (er MWIR);
at sea; ar farraige; at sea.
ar talamh (er
TAH-luhv); on land.
ar bóthar;
on the road, traveling.
ar cruinniú;
meeting, in session.
Examples:
Níl Seán
ar bord fós; Seán's not on board yet. Is deas túbheith
ar bord againn; good to have you on board.
Bhían long
ar muir le tamall fada; the ship was at sea for a long time.
Is fearr leis
an gcat bheith ar talamh; the cat prefers to be on land.
Bhínn (veen)
ar bóthar le linn na míosa go léir; I used to
be on the road the whole month.
An bhfuil an t-uachtarán
agus na múinteoiríar cruinniúfós?; are
the president and the teachers still meeting?
To describe certain
actions or conditions, "ar" may be followed by a verbal
noun or other kind of noun. Learn these phrases:
ar fiuchadh (FYOOK*-huh);
boiling
ar mire (MIR-e);
very angry, also ar buile (BWIL-e)
ar fáil;
available
ar meisce; intoxicated
ar siúl
(shool); going on, happening
ar seilbh (SHEL-iv);
in the possession of
ar seachrán
(SHAHK*-raw*n); astray, in error
ar iasacht (EE-sahk*t);
on loan, borrowed
Examples:
Táan t-uisce
ar fiuchadh; the water is boiling.
Bhían cat
ar mire; the cat was very angry, wild with rage.
Níl an
t-airgead ar fáil anois; the money is not to be had now.
An bhfuil séar
meisce?; is he drunk?
Cad táar
siúl ann?; what is happening there?
Beidh méar
seilbh an tígo luath; I will be in possession of the house
soon.
TáSeán
ar seachrán ar an gcnoc; Seán is wandering astray on
the hill.
Fuair méan
leabhar ar iasacht; I borrowed the book.
Graiméar
The subjunctive,
an modh fóshuiteach (foh-HI-tahk*) san aimsir láithreach
Irish has a separate
form for expressing the equivalent of "I hope that __ ",
or "May it __," or "It should __ ." This is called
the present tense of the subjunctive mood. It is simple to form and
use. Here are several examples to memorize before looking at the rules
for forming the mood and tense:
go dtaga do ríocht
(REE-ohk*t); may Thy kingdom come
go maire tú(MAH-re
too); may you live, long life to you.
go mbeannaíDia
dhuit (goh MAN-ee DEE-uh git); may God bless you.
go raibh maith
agat; thank you (may you have good).
The negative form
is introduced by "nár" (naw*r) and is usually imprecation
or wish for unfavorable outcome or for punishment, although a few
exceptions are found:
Nár agráDia
airé; may God not punish him for it.
Nár laga
Dia a lámh; may God not weaken his hand.
For first-conjugation
verbs (such as dún or mol) ending in a broad consonant, the
basic forms end in "a": go dúna, go mola, go n-óla.
For first-conjugation
verbs ending in a slender consonant, such as caith or bris, the basic
forms end in "e"; go gcaithe, go mbrise, go n-éiste.
For second-conjugation
verbs, such as bailigh or ceannaigh, "í" is the ending:
go mbailí, go gceannaí.
A complete listing,
to be read aloud several times:
go ndúna
mé(goh NOON-uh may*), may I close.
go ndúna
tú; go ndúna sé; go ndúna sí.
go ndúnaimid,
may we close; go ndúna sibh; go ndúna siad.
go ndúntaré,
may it be closed.
nár dhúna
mé(naw*r GOON-uh may*), may I not close.
nár dhúna
tú; nár dhúna sé; nár dhúna
sí.
nár dhúnaimid,
may we not close; nár dhúna sibh; nár dhúna
siad.
nár dhúntaré,
may it not be closed.
For "cuir",
the first form is: go gcuire mé(goh GIR-e may*).
For "imigh",
the first form is: go n-imímé(goh NIM-ee may*).
For the irregular
verbs, this tense is based on the present tense and is entirely regular,
as you can see from these: go dtaga mé, go dtémé,
go bhfeice mé, go ndeire mé, go gcloise mé, go
ndéana mé, go bhfaighe mé, go dtuga mé,
go mbeire méair, go n-ithe mé.
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