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Lesson by "The Irish People"
PRONUNCIATION
These lessons'
pronunciation of "-inn" at a word end was at first given
as (ing) and then interspersed with (in). The pronunciation guide's
symbol for the sound is logically (ny), but because the beginner might
be confused by this, the actual pronunciation has been deferred. Practice
pronouncing (nnn-yuh) and then shorten the (yuh) until it nearly disappears.
Practice with words: sinn, binn, linn, rinn, tinn. All are one-syllable
words, each with a trace of the (yuh) at the end. Then try: seinn,
thagainn, d'fheicinn. The sound is there even in "Sinn Féin,"
pronounced slightly differently from "sin féin."
The lessons will still give (n) as pronunciation for "-inn"
at word end, so you must remember to add the trace of (yuh).
RECOGNITION DRILL WITH THE MODH COINNÍOLLACH
Read these sentences
aloud to get their sense and to visualize the subject (whether it
is I, you, he, etc.):
Cheapfá
é sin, dá bhfeicféa a athair (daw* VEK-faw* uh
A-hir).
Ní dhéanfaimis
(YAY*N-hi-mish) an obair, mura nglanfaí an garáiste
ar dtús (MU-rung LUHN-fwee un guh-RAW*SH-te er doos).
Dá ndíolfadh
Diarmuid a bhád, ní fhanfadh a dheartháir (nee
AHN-huhk* uh yri-HAW*-ir) anseo.
Thitfinn (HIT-hin)
san uisce, dá ngearrfá an téad (daw*ng YAHR-faw*
un tay*d).
Dá bhfágfadh
(VWAW*K-huhk*) Máire a rothar (ROH-huhr) amuigh, nach ngoidfí
é (nahk* uhng IT-fee ay*)?
An ligfidís
(LIK-hi-deesh) dom dul abhaile, mura mbeadh mo cheacht críochnaithe
(muh hyahk*t KREE-uhk*-nuh-he)?
Mura mbeidís
anseo, ní chreidfinn tú (nee HYRET-hin too).
Key: You
would think that, if you were to see his father.
We wouldn't do
the work, if the garage weren't cleaned first.
If Diarmuid were
to sell his boat, his brother wouldn't stay here.
I would fall into
the water if you were to cut the rope.
If Maire were
to leave her bicycle outside, wouldn't it be stolen?
Would they let
me go home if my lesson weren't finished?
If they weren't
here, I wouldn't believe you.
Notice that there
are two of the irregular verbs above: feic and déan. Both are
regular in the modh coinníollach, however.
DRILL
VERBS BEGINNING WITH A VOWEL OR "F"
Má ólann
tú é, beidh tú tinn. Mura n-éisteann tú
liom, ní thuigeann tú na focail. Má fhilleann
sé abhaile, nach bhfanann sé ann?
Dá n-ólfainn
é, an ólfá é? Mura n-éistfidís
liom, díólfaidís an t-uisce.
Key: If
you drink it, you will be sick. If you don't listen to me, you don't
understand the words. If he returns home, doesn't he stay there?
If I were to drink
it, would you drink it? If they wouldn't listen to me, they would
drink the water.
THE SECOND CONJUGATION WITH "DÁ" AND "MURA"
Verbs such as
"imigh" and "ceannaigh", which are in the second
conjugation, also have different forms in the modh coinníollach.
The forms resemble the future tense, but word endings differ from
those of the future tense.
Learn these forms
by repeating them aloud until you can say them without hesitation.
For each one, visualize the action and the subject:
cheannóinn
(hyan-OH-in), I would buy
cheannófá
(hyan-OH-faw*), you would buy
cheannódh
sé (hyan-OHK* shay*), he would buy
cheannódh
sí, she would buy
cheannóimis
(hyan-OH-i-mish), we would buy
cheannódh
sibh (hyan-OHK* shiv), you-all would buy
cheannóidís
(hyan-OH-i-deesh), they would buy
cheannófaí
(hyan-OH-fwee), people would buy
For the negative,
"ní" (nee) precedes these forms. For example, "ní
cheannódh sé é" means "he wouldn't
buy it".
Other forms, with
"an, nach, dá, mura" before them, have the initial
consonant aspirated if it can be.
Learn these forms
for "dá" with "ceannaigh":
dá gceannóinn
(daw* gyan-OH-in), if I were to buy
dá gceannófá
(daw* gyan-OH-faw*), if you were to buy
dá gceannódh
sé (daw* gyan-OHK* shay*), if he were to buy
dá gceannódh
sí, if she were to buy
dá gceannóimis
(daw* gyan-OH-i-mish), if we were to buy
dá gceannódh
sibh (daw* gyan-OHK* shiv), if you-all were to buy
dá gceannóidís
(daw* gyan-OH-i-deesh), if they were to buy
dá gceannófaí
(daw* gyan-OH-fwee), if people were to buy
Samples of other
forms: An gceannófá é? Would you buy it? Nach
gceannóidís teach? (Wouldn't they buy a house?) Mura
gceannódh sí cóta, If she weren't to buy a coat.
If the second-conjugation
verb ends in "-igh" instead of "-aigh", there
is a slight difference in pronunciation and spelling. The example
here is "bailigh". "I would collect, etc." becomes:
bhaileoinn (vwahl-YOH-in),
I would collect
bhaileofá
(vwahl-YOH-faw*), you would collect
bhaileodh sé
(vwahl-YOHK* shay*), he would collect
bhaileodh sí,
she would collect
bhaileoimis (vwahl-YOH-i-mish),
we would collect
bhaileodh sibh,
you-all would collect
bhaileoidís
(vwahl-YOH-i-deesh), they would collect
The other forms
are similar in their relation to those for "ceannaigh".
For example: "ní bhaileoinn", I wouldn't collect;
"an mbaileofá?", would you collect?; "nach mbaileoimis?",
wouldn't we collect?; mura mbaileofaí", if people weren't
to collect; "dá mbaileoinn", if I were to collect.
RECOGNITION DRILL FOR THE SECOND CONJUGATION WITH THE MODH COINNÍOLLACH
Chríochnóinn
é (hyreek*-NOH-in ay*). An labhrófá Gearmáinis
(un lou-ROH-faw* GYAR-maw*-nish)? Ní mhíneoidís
é (nee veen-YOH-i-deesh ay*). Dá n-imeoimis (daw* nim-YOH-i-mish).
Ní ullmhódh sí é (nee UL-vwohk* shee ay*).
Mura n-imreodh Seán (MU-ruh NIM-rohk* shaw*n).
Key: I would finish
it. Would you speak German? They wouldn't explain it. If we were to
depart. She wouldn't prepare it. If Seán wouldn't play.
Note that verbs
ending in "-ir" or "-air," such as "imir"
or "labhair," drop out a syllable. Instead of "labhaireodh
sé," we say "labhródh sé" for
"he would speak." This occurs in other tenses, as well,
and is called "syncopation." It is not the usual meaning
of the word "syncopation" that you know in music.
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